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Exeter
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HorNet
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05.01.2010 19:41:46
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Современность; Флот;
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Re: Спасибо.
Здравствуйте, уважаемый HorNet!
>>И шведы, и норвеги. Причем до того эти катерки (и шведские, и норвежские) уже бывали в Средиземке, юзаясь в "активном индеворе" в районе Гибралтара.
>
>Ну допустим переход "стокгольмов" при ПБ я еще представляю, а вот "хауки" через Бискай... это да. Это ДА! Как человек, служивший на катерах, просто обязан восхититься;-))
Е:
Ну, с переходом на Мидуэй это трудно сравнивать. Тут-то плавание вдоль бережка Европы, от порта к порту. Вон на яхтах-то "у них" люди такое сейчас достаточно широко делают, и ничего.
Просто обязан! Примерно так же, как и в случае перехода пяти 77-футовых "элкарей" из ПХ на Мидуэй в мае 1942 - своим ходом.
>Интересная деталь - на "стокгольмах" офицеров больше, чем матросов. На К11 в ходе Балтопса 1996 года, как мне сказали, оказалось так, что бОльшая часть офицеров текущего состава кают-компании служила на нем же срочную (в Швеции нельзя стать офицером ВМС, на отслужив сначала срочную службу). Должен сказать, что жилищные условия на этих корветах вполне спартанские - никаких типичных для франко-итальянцев излишеств нет, все самое наобходимое.
>И вопрос по "хаукам" - что за торпеда Bofors TP-613? С чем ее можно сравнить из текущего НАТОвского инвентаря?
Е:
Тр 613 - это модификация 70-х гг с проводами и с самонаведением уже достаточно старой шведской перекисной хрени Тр 61, являющейся развитием печально известной английской Мк 12.
Jane's Naval Weapon Systems
Tp 61/Tp 62 (Torpedo 2000)
Type
Surface ship- and submarine-launched heavyweight anti-surface ship/anti-submarine torpedoes.
Development
In the post-war years the Royal Swedish Navy developed a conventional straight-running heavyweight torpedo for surface ships as the Tp (Torped) 14 and the Tp 141 (the production version), which were followed by the wire-guided Tp 142. For submarine use there was the Tp 27, introduced in 1960 as the Tp 271 and followed by the Tp 272.
In 1960, Sweden acquired from the UK details of High-Test Peroxide (HTP) designs for torpedoes developed for the Mk 12 (Fancy SR) which was abandoned in 1959. Although the British had considerable problems with HTP the Swedes did not and the HTP technology was incorporated into the Tp 61 family of anti-surface vessel torpedoes of which the first version appeared in 1966 as the wire-guided Tp 611. Versions of this weapon which appeared later were the Tp 612 (and the derivative Tp 618), then the Tp 613 and its export version the Tp 617.
In the late 1980s, FFV (later Bofors Underwater Systems then Swedish Ordnance then Saab Bofors Underwater Systems and from November 2004 Saab Underwater Systems) began to develop the dual-purpose heavyweight Torpedo 2000. A contract worth approximately Skr200 million was awarded in April 1991 to complete development, and sea trials began in 1992. The weapon, designated Tp 62, was scheduled to enter service circa 1995 but an SKR568 million production contract was not signed until 17 December 1997. Deliveries to replace the Tp 613 began in 2001.
Brazil was to have been the launch customer for the export version of Torpedo 2000, placing a USD67 million order in 1999. This was cancelled in mid-2004 with both parties citing integration problems due to shipyard proprietary rights.
Description
The Tp 61 is a family of homing, wire-guided, long-range torpedoes, which are launched from submarines and surface ships against surface targets. Externally, the weapon is a long slim cylinder with a sloping forebody but a flat nose for the transducer array. Four slim fins are faired into the afterbody with the two contrarotating propellers (each with three blades) in front of the rudders.
Internally, the weapon is divided into nose, electronics, energy, motor and afterbody sections. The 240 kg Eurenco warhead has a homing device in a recess at the nose with the seeker using preformed beams for horizontal homing. The warhead is equipped with both an impact and a computerised proximity fuze which can be controlled from the launching fire-control system.
The proximity fuze is actually in the electronics section together with a programmable, digital, Central Processing Unit (CPU), wire guidance modem, weapon guidance unit and power distribution electronics. The CPU controls the seeker, communication with the launching fire-control system and the torpedo navigation system. The guidance wire communication link allows the ship to transmit orders to the torpedo, controlling speed, depth, course and target data. The weapon reports its position, speed, course and depth, homing system parameters and target noise. If communications are cut, the torpedo computer calculates the expected target position, guides the torpedo to the predicted point and initiates one of several possible search patterns. Built-in test facilities are incorporated and computerised test equipment facilitates maintenance and preparation. This test equipment is also used for evaluation practice runs.
The energy section has a 200-bar compressed air starter motor with low-pressure air also used to distribute liquids and to power both the gyroscope and steering actuators. There are two tanks of propellant, one with ethyl alcohol and the other with hydrogen peroxide. The combustion of alcohol with oxygen from the decomposed hydrogen peroxide is the source of power with water added to cool the process and to produce superheated steam.
The motor section has a compact, 12-cylinder, double-star, single-stroke steam engine. Two speeds may be selected before launch and they may also be frequently changed during the guided run. Exhaust and steam leave the weapon through the propeller shaft leaving no visible wake as it comprises 20 per cent carbon dioxide and 80 per cent steam. The afterbody contains the course and depth control units, a wire dispenser and electric alternator.
Versions of the weapon include the wire-guided Tp 611 and the swimout TP 612 (which has no homing head), the Tp 613 (with homing head, data transmission and twin-speed motor) and the export version of the Tp 613, which appeared in 1982 as the Tp 617. The Tp 61 may be fired from a surface vessel from a torpedo tube using a propellant cartridge. The tube is rear-loaded with the firing device above the loading door which has the dispenser wire case. The tube is 8.58 m long, 0.83 m high from the deck to the top of the tube and 1.05 m high from the deck to the top of the firing device. The loaded tube weighs 2.6 tonnes.
The Tp 62 (Torpedo 2000) is a shorter, lighter, wire-guided heavyweight torpedo offering extended range and speed compared to the Tp 613/617. Externally it is similar to Tp 61 but with a redesigned tail including shrouded pump jet propulsor. It can operate at depths in excess of 500 m.
Internally it would appear to have a smaller warhead than Tp 613/617, but it has impact and acoustic proximity fuzes, with an electronics section (proximity fuze, target analysis computer and engine control) and wire dispenser (copper wire but with fibre-optic wire option) behind it. The HTP engine (with steam generator, compressor, condenser, alternator and pumps) with fuel tanks on either side are in the middle of the weapon and behind them is the afterbody with pump-jet propulsor, servos, rudder and wire outlet. The seeker is an advanced active/passive homing head and wire guidance communication link which ensures high-hit probability. The seeker is capable of active, passive or combined operation. Advanced signal processing enables the seeker to track several targets simultaneously and classify the target signals.
In the event of loss of communication between the launcher platform and the weapon, the torpedo's onboard microprocessor takes over full command of the weapon and calculates the target's anticipated position and guides the weapon to the predicted point of impact initiating one of several possible search patterns programmed into the computer. In the standard configuration, 80 different types of messages can be transmitted in both directions but the optional use of fibre optics allows this to be increased.
The HTP section houses the HTP tank and a small amount of fresh water for starting the propulsion process. Here, as in the paraffin tank, feed pressure is provided by a pump which supplies pressurised seawater to a flexible bladder separating the seawater from the HTP. The toroidal-shaped paraffin tank is in the fuel section on the other side of the engine for safety reasons. The weight of the 74 kg of consumed fuel is compensated for by the weight of seawater to maintain torpedo displacement.
The motor is an axial two-stroke piston engine with seven cylinders and bore and stroke of 70 mm. The pistons act against a sinusoidal double rise cam and are linked to the compressor pistons. The decomposed HTP reacts with the paraffin within the steam generator with the temperature of the combustion reduced by the use of fresh water. Admission temperature is 800°C and the engine uses a two-stage compressor with compression pistons linked to the engine pistons. The propellant comprises 85 per cent HTP and paraffin, the engine developing between 25 and 30 kW of power. At the rear of the engine section are pumps for condensation, seawater, fresh water and lubrication oil, together with the generator oil tank and oil cooler.
The afterbody houses the pumpjet with a stator and a rotor, the rotor connected to the engine shaft via a flexible coupling to reduce noise. The steering and depth rudders are behind the stator to provide good manoeuvrability. The actuators are in the rear of the afterbody and exhaust gases are vented through a fin. An upgrade programme for Tp 61 possibly involving Tp 62 elements is now available but there are no details. It has been produced by Norway.
Tp 62 may be used with the Spider fire-control system.
Specifications
Tp 613/617
Length: 6.98 m
Diameter: 533 mm
Weight: 1,860 kg
Propulsion: HTP
Tp 62 (Torpedo 2000)
Length: 5.99 m
Diameter: 533 mm
Weight: 1,450 kg
Speed: <45 kt
Range: <27 n miles (50 km)
Status
Development of Tp 62 is complete. The weapons are deployed as shown at Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 : Submarine-launched
Country Class Type Weapon Tubes Reloads
Poland Sokól (Kobben) SSK Tp 617 8 -
Singapore Challenger (Sjöormen) SSK Tp 613 4 6
Sweden Gotland (A 19) SSK Tp 62 4 8
Södermanland (A 17) SSK Tp 62 6 6
Table 2 : Surface-launched
Country Class Type Weapon Tubes
Norway Hauk FAC Tp 613 2
Contractor
Saab Underwater Systems
С уважением, Exeter