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От
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NetReader
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К
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Валерий Мухин
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Дата
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08.05.2001 02:23:18
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Рубрики
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Прочее; WWII; Армия;
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До кучи...
>>Но не для авиа, конечно :)
>
>Не вижу повода для веселья, ибо как раз авиабензин стал камнем преткновения для понимания ситуации с производством жидкого топлива в германии. Имеющиеся у нас цифры и цитаты говорят о том, что якобы почти ВЕСЬ авиабензин был из угля, что находится в глубоких неладах с пресловутым инженерным мышлением.
Если еще не видели -
http://www.anesi.com/ussbs02.htm#taoo
"The German oil supply was tight throughout the war, and was a controlling factor in military operations. The chief source of supply, and the only source for aviation gasoline, was 13 synthetic plants together with a small production from three additional ones that started operations in 1944. The major sources of products refined from crude oil were the Ploesti oil fields in Rumania and the Hungarian fields which together accounted for about a quarter of the total supply of liquid fuels in 1943. In addition, there was a small but significant Austrian and domestic production. The refineries at Ploesti were attacked, beginning with a daring and costly low-level attack in August 1943. These had only limited effects; deliveries increased until April 1944 when the attacks were resumed. The 1944 attacks, together with mining of the Danube, materially reduced Rumanian deliveries. In August 1944, Russian occupation eliminated this source of supply and dependence on the synthetic plants became even greater than before.
Production from the synthetic plants declined steadily and by July 1944 every major plant had been hit. These plants were producing an average of 316,000 tons per month when the attacks began. Their production fell to 107,000 tons in June and 17,000 tons in September. Output of aviation gasoline from synthetic plants dropped from 175,000 tons in April to 30,000 tons in July and 5,000 tons in September. Production recovered somewhat in November and December, but for the rest of the war was but a fraction of pre-attack output."
http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/1A/01A14000.htm
"Except for the biomass-fermentation process, liquid fuel synthesis has changed little since the process was first developed in Germany during the 1930s. This first technique, called the Fischer-Tropsch process, used steam and oxygen to produce coal gas, which was then liquefied by a catalytic reaction. The Fischer-Tropsch process was used to manufacture nearly 600,000 metric tons of synthetic coal fuels each year during World War II (1939-1945)."
Из чего, между прочим, следует, что из угля именно по Фишер-Трофу производилось не более 1/6 всего синтетического горючего (и не обязательно авиационного). А как делалось все остальное?