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Дата 03.03.2008 16:07:22 Найти в дереве
Рубрики WWII; Версия для печати

Японские зенитные ГК линкоров

"46cm San-Shiki AA common projectile Model 3. Weight 1360kg, containing 1500 incendiary fragments.

In much the same form as the 46cm shell, except for its wood-filled ogive and eight tiers of the fragments behind it down to the charges at the base for delay, scatter, and bursting.

Each fragment was a hollow steel cylinder 90mm long x 25mm dia filled with rubber thermite and ignited through holes at both ends. "

"San Shiki means "Mk III" and it's not specially designed for Yamato class. There were several calibres of Mk III shells, from 460mm, 410mm to 203mm. 127mm Mk IV shell was similiar to it.

A 410mm Mk III shell contains 1200 small incendiary bombs (phosphor, vulcanized rubber, nature rubber, stearic acid, sulphur and barium nitrate), and could blow into 2527 small pieces (2846 pieces for 460mm shells)."

"Called "San Shiki" (the Beehive) Model 13 the round weighed 2,998lb (kg) and was filled with 900 incendiary tubes (of rubber thermite) and 600 steel stays. A time fuze was set before firing that went off at a predetermined altitude causing the explosive and metal contents to burst in a cone extending 20 degrees forward, towards the oncoming aircraft. Instantly after detonating, the shell itself was destroyed by a bursting charge, increasing the quantity of steel splinters. The incendiary tubes ignited about half a second later and burned for five seconds at 3000 degrees C, producing a flame about 16ft (m) long. "

"These rounds were rather odd. They had a blunt-point wooden nose with sheet-metal covering it and a time detonating fuze at the tip. Leading down from the fuze was a narrow tube that extended all the way to the driving bands in the lower body. In the lower body was a Shimose (= British Lyddite HE) charge with a delay-action fuze in it upper center that was set off by the blast of the time nose fuze. It provided a medium-size explosion and some high-speed fragments to the shell's effects a fraction of a second after the incendiary action had occurred. I assume that the Shimose charge was to make the shell's effectiveness as a shore bombardment weapon better, since it was rather small to have any real effect against an aircraft unless the shell got a very near miss. This made the shell into a weak "shrapnel" shell as well as an incendiary shell.

The main part of the shell was very thin-walled and filled with many stacked, concentric layers of narrow, short metal tubes with an incendiary material in them that would flame out the tip of the tubes like a Roman Candle. The tubes were ignited by black powder runs that riddled the spaces between the stacked layers of tubes and there was a larger black powder explosive charge just above the Lyddite base charge that blew the tubes out of the nose of the shell in an arcing cone pattern. The nose time fuze flash that set off that fuze to the Shimose charge also set off the black powder, starting in the center and working down and outward. The relatively long delay in the Shimose HE charge's fuze was to give the tubes time to ignite and be blown out of the nose before the base charge destroyed what was left of the shell.

Also, since the nose fuze set off the Shimose fuze and and the black powder ignition/ejection explosives, if the projectile actually hit the target before the nose fuze could function, the shell would be a very weak-bodied dud -- the black powder might start to burn due to the impact friction, but the Shimose would remain inert and the tubes would mostly just be thrown around and remain inert. The two hits on the USS SAN FRANCISCO in the forward part of the ship -- one by each of the two Japanese 14"-gunned battleships in that action -- were by these shells. If they had been 14" Type 91 APC or even Type 0 HE shells, the ship would have been in considerable trouble, with its forward gun battery almost certainly disabled and very possibly on fire. As it was, a lot of lower forward superstructure and upper hull in the hit region was torn up as the Type III Incendiary/shrapnelshells literally "splashed" against the armored areas (main armament barbettes and the armored deck), but no armored areas were damaged directly by the hits since they could not penetrate even rather thin armor plating. "

Не совсем понятно, только ли зажигательные элементы (с "резиновым термитом" на основе фосфорра, серы, каучука и нитрата бария) или ещё были разрывные.