|
|
От
|
Max Popenker
|
|
|
К
|
All
|
|
|
Дата
|
11.02.2002 10:25:26
|
|
|
Рубрики
|
Прочее; 11-19 век;
|
|
Rules of engagement - US Roger's rangers, 1757 :-) (длинное и на английском)
Hell'o
вот, попалось в рег.ганз, может кому интересно как янки в 1757 году воевали :)
***************************
Major Robert Rogers - 1757
(Commander of Roger?s Rangers)
This is the original version ?
1. All Rangers are to be subject to the rules and articles of war; to
appear at roll-call every evening on their own parade, equipped each
with a firelock, sixty rounds of powder and ball, and a hatchet, at
which time an officer from each company is to inspect the same, to see
they are in order, so as to be ready on any emergency to march at a
minute's warning; and before they are dismissed the necessary guards
are to drafted, and scouts for the next day appointed.
2. Whenever you are ordered out to the enemy's forts or frontiers for
discoveries, if your number be small, march in a single file, keeping
at such a distance from each other as to prevent one shot from killing
two men, sending one man, or more, forward, and the like on each side,
at the distance of twenty yards from the main body, if the ground you
march over will admit of it, to give the signal to the officer of the
approach of an enemy, and of their number, & c.
3. If you march over marshes or soft ground, change your position, and
march abreast of each other, to prevent the enemy from tracking you
(as they would do if you marched in a single file) till you get over
such ground, and then resume your former order, and march till it is
quite dark before you encamp, which do, if possible, on a piece of
ground that may afford your sentries the advantage of seeing or
hearing the enemy at some considerable distance, keeping one half of
your whole party awake alternately through the night.
4. Some time before you come to the place you would reconnoitre, make
a stand, and send one or two men in whom you can confide, to look out
the best ground for making your observations.
5. If you have the good fortune to take any prisoners, keep them
separate till they are examined, and in your return take a different
route from that in which you went out, that you may the better
discover any party in your rear, and have an opportunity, if their
strength be superior to your, to alter your course, or disperse, as
circumstances may require.
6. If your march in a large body of three or four hundred, with a
design to attack the enemy, divide your party into three columns, each
headed by a proper officer, and let these columns march in single
files, the columns to the right and left keeping at twenty yards
distance or more from that of the center, if the ground will admit,
and let proper guards be kept in the front and rear, and suitable
flanking parties as a due distance as before directed, with orders to
halt on all eminences, to take a view of the surrounding ground, to
prevent your being ambushed, and to notify the approach or retreat of
the enemy, that proper dispositions may be made for attacking,
defending, & c, and if the enemy approach in your front on level
ground, form a front of your three columns or main body with the
advanced, guard, keeping out your flanking parties, as if you were
marching under the command of trusty officers, to prevent the enemy
from pressing hard on either of your wings, or surrounding you, which
is the usual method of the savages, if their number will admit of it,
and be careful likewise to support and strengthen your rear guard.
7. If you are obliged to receive the enemy's fire, fall or squat down,
till it is over, then rise and discharge at them. If their main body
is equal to yours, extend yourselves occasionally; but if superior, be
careful to support and strengthen your flanking parties, to make them
equal with theirs, that if possible you may repulse them to their main
body, in which case push upon them with the greatest resolution, with
equal force in each flank and in the center, observing to keep at a
due distance from each other, and advance from tree to tree, with one
half of the party before the other ten or twelve yards. If the enemy
push upon you, let your front fire and fall down, and then let your
rear advance thro' them and do the like, by which time those who
before were in front will be ready to discharge again, and repeat the
same alternately, as occasion shall require; by this means you will
keep up such a constant fire, that the enemy will not be able easily
to break your order, or gain your ground.
8. If you oblige the enemy to retreat, be careful, in your pursuit of
them, to keep out your flanking parties, and prevent them from gaining
eminences, or rising grounds, in which case they would perhaps be able
to rally and repulse in their turn.
9. If you are obliged to retreat, let the front of your whole party
fire and fall back, till the rear has done the same, making for the
best ground you can; by this means you will oblige the enemy to pursue
you, if they do it at all, in the face of a constant fire.
10. If the enemy is so superior that you are in danger of being
surrounded by them, let the whole body disperse, and every one take a
different road to the place of rendezvous appointed for that evening,
which must every morning be altered and fixed for evening ensuing, in
order to bring the whole party, or as many of them as possible,
together, after any separation that may happen in the day; but if you
should happen to be actually surrounded, form yourselves into a
square, or if in the woods, a circle is best, and, if possible, make a
stand till the darkness of the night favours your escape.
11. If your rear is attacked, the main body and flankers must face
about to the right or left, as occasion shall require, and form
themselves to oppose the enemy, as before directed; and the same
method must be observed, if attacked in either of your flanks, by
which means you will always make a rear of one of your flank-guards.
12. If you determine to rally after a retreat, in order to make a
fresh stand against the enemy, by all means endeavour to do it on the
most rising ground you can come at, which will give you greatly the
advantage in point of situation, and enable you to repulse superior
numbers.
13. If general, when pushed upon by the enemy, reserve your fire till
they approach very near, which will them put them into the greater
surprise and consternation, and give you an opportunity of rushing
upon them with your hatchets and cutlasses to the better advantage.
14. When you encamp at night, fix your sentries in such a manner as
not to be relieved from the main body till morning, profound secrecy
and silence being often of the last importance in these cases. Each
sentry, therefore, should consist of six men, two of whom must be
constantly alert, and when relieved by their fellows, it should be
done without noise; and in case those on duty see or hear anything,
which alarms them, they are not to speak, but one of them is silently
to retreat, and acquaint the commanding officer thereof, that proper
dispositions may be made; and all occasional sentries should be fixed
in like manner.
15. At the first dawn of day, awake your whole detachment; that being
the time when the savages choose to fall upon their enemies, you
should by all means be in readiness to receive them.
16. If the enemy should be discovered by your detachments in the
morning, and their numbers are superior to yours, and a victory
doubtful, you should not attack them till the evening, as then they
will not know your numbers, and if you are repulsed, your retreat will
be followed by the darkness of the night.
17. Before you leave your encampment, send out small parties to scout
round it, to see if there be any appearance or track of an enemy that
might have been near you during the night.
18. When you stop for refreshment, choose some spring or rivulet if
you can, and dispose your party so as not to be surprised, posting
proper guards and sentries at a due distance, and let a small party
waylay the path you came in, lest the enemy should be pursuing.
19. If, in your return, you have to cross rivers, avoid the usual
fords as much as possible, lest the enemy should have discovered, and
be there expecting you.
20. If you have to pass by lakes, keep at some distance from the edge
of the water, lest, in case of an ambuscade, or an attack from the
enemy, when in that situation, your retreat should be cut off.
21. If the enemy pursue your rear, take a circle till you come to your
own tracks, and there form am ambush to receive them, and give them
the first fire.
22. When you return from a scout, and come near our forts, avoid the
usual roads, and avenues thereto, lest the enemy should have headed
you, and lay in ambush to receive you, when almost exhausted with
fatigues.
23. When you pursue any party that has been near our forts or
encampments, follow not directly in their tracks, lest you should be
discovered by their rear guards, who, at such a time, would be most
alert; but endeavour, by a different route, to head and meet them in
some narrow pass, or lay in ambush to receive them when and where they
least expect it.
24. If you are to embark in canoes, bateaux, or otherwise, by water,
choose the evening for the time of your embarkation, as you will then
have the whole night before you, to pass undiscovered by any parties
of the enemy, on hills, or other places, which command a prospect of
the lake or river you are upon.
25. In paddling or rowing, give orders that the boat or canoe next the
sternmost, wait for her, and the third for the second, and the fourth
for the third, and so on, to prevent separation, and that you may be
ready to assist each other on any emergency.
26. Appoint one man in each boat to look out for fires, on the
adjacent shores, from the numbers and size of which you may form some
judgement of the numbers that kindled them, and whether you are able
to attack them or not.
27. If you find the enemy encamped near the banks of a river, or lake,
which you imagine they will attempt to cross for their security upon
being attacked, leave a detachment of your party on the opposite shore
to receive them, while, with the remainder, you surprise them, having
them between you and the lake or river.
28. If you cannot satisfy yourself as to the enemy's number and
strength, from their fire, & c. conceal your boats at some distance,
and ascertain their number by a reconnoitring party, when they embark,
or march, in the morning, marking the course they steer, & c. when you
may pursue, ambush, and attack them, or let them pass, as prudence
shall direct you. In general, however, that you may not be discovered
by the enemy on the lakes and rivers at a great distance, it is safest
to lay by, with your boats and party concealed all day, without noise
or show, and to pursue your intended route by night; and whether you
go by land or water, give out parole and countersigns, in order to
know one another in the dark, and likewise appoint a station for every
man to repair to, in case of any accident that may separate you.
Such in general are the rules to be observed in the Ranging service;
there are, however, a thousand occurrences and circumstances which may
happen that will make it necessary in some measure to depart from them
and to put other arts and stratagems in practice; in which case every
man's reason and judgment must be his guide, according to the
particular situation and nature of things; and that he may do this to
advantage, he should keep in mind a maxim never to be departed from by
a commander, viz. to preserve a firmness and presence of mind on every
occasion.
From JOURNALS OF MAJOR ROGER ROGERS (as published in 1765)
***************************
WBR, Max http://world.guns.ru - Современное стрелковое оружие