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От
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Вулкан
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Mike
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Дата
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24.07.2013 02:15:16
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Рубрики
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11-19 век; Флот;
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А уорент-офицер чем отличается от унтер-офицера?
Приветствую!
Origins
Warrant Officers have always been specialists carried on board ships for specific responsibilities requiring a very high level of experience and detailed knowledge. These attributes were not expected of the "fighting" officers who were primarily concerned with the tactics necessary to make contact with the enemy and then to "fight" the ship. To do this successfully it was essential for warships to carry others who would ensure that the ship was always in a high state of readiness. It had to be well maintained and its guns always ready for use, with ample charges and projectiles. More importantly it had to be in the right place at the right time. These specialists were attached to the ship throughout its life, whether in commission, or "in ordinary" ("laid up"). They did not hold a King's, or Queen's Commission, but had a Warrant signed by members of the Board of Admiralty
The First Warrant Officers
Five specialists were ranked as Warrant Officers, and had the following responsibilities:
Boatswain (Bo'sun) - "Running" and "standing rigging", sails, anchors and cables. He was also responsible for the maintenance of discipline on board. This category also served in Royal Dockyards for similar duties. The origin of the title is buried in antiquity and dates from Saxon times.
The Master - Navigation of the ship.
Carpenter - Hull maintenance and repair.
Clerk - All correspondence.
Gunner - Guns, ammunition and explosives.
Cook - Feeding all on board.
Two other categories were later elevated to Warrant status having previously been considered to be ratings:
Chaplain - All matters concerned with religious affairs.
Schoolmaster - General teaching requirements.
In 1843 The Master and the Chaplain were given Commissioned rank. A further change in 1861 granted a Commission to Schoolmasters engaged in the instruction of naval officers in shore training establishments. They were renamed "Naval Instructors", but those serving on ships retained the "Schoolmaster" title with added distinctions of "Senior Master" and "Headmaster" for those having greater responsibilities. These titles remained in use until 1946 when all Schoolmasters were given Commissioned rank as Instructor Officers.
Warrant Officers of all specialisations had to be capable of carrying out instructional duties ashore and afloat. This criteria still pertains to-day.
http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Pers-Warrant%20Rank.htm
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