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VLADIMIR
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Kosta
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09.12.2017 02:27:18
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WWII; ВВС;
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Re: А кто...
Собственно, в вики на английском подробный разбор ситуации:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943
Proximate causes comprise localised natural disasters (a cyclone, storm surges and flooding, and rice crop disease) and at least five consequences of war: initial, general war-time inflation of both demand-pull and monetary origin; loss of rice imports due to the Japanese occupation of Burma (modern Myanmar); near-total disruption of Bengal's market supplies and transport systems by the preemptive, defensive scorched earth tactics of the Raj (the "denial policies" for rice and boats); and later, massive inflation brought on by repeated policy failures, war profiteering, speculation, and perhaps hoarding.
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Boats were the only reliable means of transport in many areas throughout Bengal, given its "more than 90,000 villages and 20,000 miles of water communications winding through thick jungle".[62] This was true across most of the province during the rainy seasons or all the time in portions of eastern Bengal and the vast delta of the coastal southeastern Sundarbans, where the rivers of the Ganges Delta merge into the Bay of Bengal. River transport was integral to many facets of Bengal's economic system: nearly irreplaceable for both the production and distribution of rice[63] and jute and the livelihoods of fishermen and transport workers. It was also indispensable for the transport of the supplies and finished goods of various artisan trades, such as potters, weavers, and basket makers.[64]
The alternatives to water transport were roads and the rail system. Roads, however, were scarce and generally in poor condition.[65] Bengal's extensive railway system was always dependent upon relatively small boats to deliver production supplies to peripheral riverine areas and transport crops to distribution centers, and was employed even less in the commercial sphere after the demands of war clogged trains and roads with military cargo. Some of the stations did connect with important grain centers; however, boats were required to transport commercial produce, traders and trade from remote areas. Moreover, after 1941, many "nonproductive" branches of the railways were dismantled, with engines and rolling stock shipped overseas,[66] and lines in eastern Bengal were later shut down or dismantled on the same premise as the "denial of boats" policy.[67] Those railway lines that were left intact were almost solely utilised for military and industrial transport until the very late stages of the crisis.[68]
Ув. Коста,
Если есть проблемы с прочтением, дайте знать.
Я, лично, склонен считать, что голод был следствием целого ряда объективных причин. Масштабы его были грандиозными, потому что в той части света все имеет грандиозный характер из-за умопомрачительной плотности населения, дохлой транспортной системы, дикой антисанитарии и пр.
С ув.,
ВК