От Apollo
К Мелхиседек
Дата 10.05.2001 18:42:03
Рубрики Современность; Флот; Армия; ВВС;

Re: Долго смеялся!

Добрый день,

>"Армейские огороды" покрываю около 97% подребности ВС Китая в продовольсквии. Инфрасструктура по переработке есть. Товарное производство на продажу официально отсутствует.
А не мог ли бы Вы дать источники по которым можно было бы с этой проблемой ознакомиться, желательно на рус. или англ.
Best regards,
Apollo
От Vadim
К Apollo (10.05.2001 18:42:03)
Дата 11.05.2001 12:28:20

Re: Долго смеялся!

Привeтствую

===========
State farms, which were established by the People's Liberation Army, have about 4.5 million hectares of arable land and employ about 50 million people.

http://www.agr.ca/policy/winn/biweekly/English/biweekly/volume11/v11n09e.htm
От Apollo
К Vadim (11.05.2001 12:28:20)
Дата 12.05.2001 13:10:07

Спасибо. (-)
От Vadim
К Apollo (10.05.2001 18:42:03)
Дата 11.05.2001 12:13:36

Re: Долго смеялся!

Привeтствую

http://www.rrojasdatabank.org/china10.htm
...
ASTRIDE THE ECONOMY

Although Chinese armies have been involved in agricultural production throughout Chinese history, the scope of current PLA commercial activities in the overall economic modernization of China is unparalleled. The PLA runs farms, factories, mines, hotels, brothels, paging and telephone companies and airlines, as well as major trading companies.

It is nearly impossible to quantify the total extent of the PLA commercial empire. Western analysts estimate the number of PLA-operated companies at between 20,000 and 30,000. The exact figure of PLA earnings has never been disclosed by the Chinese government, nor has the amount of these earnings that is funnelled back into the national defense budget. Although there is an infant industry among Western military intelligence specialists toiling to nail down specifics on the PLA businesses, no one can say with any certainty how profitable the PLA commercial activities are. One thing is for certain, however: as trade with and investment in China grows, so grow the earnings of the PLA. The Chinese military commercial enterprises have not always been such a boon to the government. During Mao Zedong's rule and the era of Sino-Soviet tensions, the military moved many of its factories inland in case of a possible attack on China. Manufacturing purely military products, such as arms, ammunition, as well as electronics, plastics and metals for military applications, these so-called "third-line" factories were built in remote mountain regions, far away from transportation routes and power sources. The factories bought supplies at subsidized costs from other factories, manufactured the weaponry and related products -- generally low-tech and low-quality -- and then sold them to the military at subsidized prices.

After Mao's death in 1976, the new leadership encouraged the military plants to begin exploring civilian uses for their products and to engage in the broader liberalizing economy. Many individual plant managers were slow to adjust to this change, and in fact some still operate factories at a loss, but the most nimble managers were free to exploit new markets for their goods. During the early 1980s, the PLA's share of the national budget declined, spurring it to look to other sources for cash, especially hard currency. The higher organizational levels of the PLA created trading companies like China Xinxing, China Poly and China Songhai to take advantage of the opening of China's economy to the international market.

Initially, the trading companies scored their greatest success in the international arms trade. During the 1980s, Chinese military companies shipped arms to both Iran and Iraq during their conflict, and to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, earning tremendous amounts of hard currency. The domestic commercial operations of the PLA were less profitable than this trade in weaponry.

The number of military-run business exploded during the boom of the late 1980s. The "third line" factories opened branches in the coastal areas, earning increasingly high profits from the manufacture of civilian goods. Even the lowest levels of the PLA set up production units.

The government first attempted to regulate PLA business activities in 1989 with a series of decrees, among them a prohibition on active military personnel concurrently holding positions at commercial enterprises. The reforms were intended to keep management of PLA enterprises under the control of senior military leaders and prevent lower-ranking officers from becoming involved in the daily functioning of the military companies. But the effort to rein in the PLA companies was soon short-circuited by Tiananmen Square, after which the PLA gained leverage in internal party struggles based on its brutal repression of the democracy movement.

In the early 1990s, the central leadership of the military took steps to coordinate the production of the vast number of military factories by tying the plants together under "group companies." The groups, acting like conglomerates, have been fairly successful in centralizing management and production, running the trading companies and expanding the groups' business operations. The PLA now acts as a state within a state, with its power growing substantially in the latest wave of Chinese economic expansion.
...
От Сергей С
К Apollo (10.05.2001 18:42:03)
Дата 10.05.2001 20:47:47

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