The importance of UAVs to Russia’s artillery precision and responsiveness has forced Ukraine to maintain organic MANPADS teams with their artillery, preferably armed with visually guided systems such as Starstreak and Martlet, which have proven much more effective against UAVs and helicopters.
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Between these threats and those of EW causing UAVs to
crash, or interception by air-defence systems, the lifespan of Ukrainian UAVs is roughly 7 days with some variation by system.